feat(downloads): M3 — per-user quota + retention GC

- downloads/quota.py: per-user limits (DownloadQuota row or sysconfig defaults; unlimited
  bypass), footprint = distinct ready-asset bytes the user holds, check_enqueue (max_jobs +
  max_bytes hard at enqueue), at_concurrency_limit (worker-side max_concurrent), usage snapshot
- downloads/gc.py: run_download_gc — pre-expiry warning (once, gc_notified flag), TTL deletion
  (files + row; FK SET NULL orphans holders' jobs -> 'expired'), LRU eviction over a total-cache
  cap; notifies holders on each event
- migration 0038: media_assets.gc_notified
- config/sysconfig: download_total_max_bytes (0=unlimited) in the downloads group
- service.enqueue enforces quota; worker claim skips users at their concurrency limit
- scheduler: download_gc job registered (default 360 min, admin-tunable)

Verified on localdev: footprint accounting, max_jobs block, pre-expiry warning (notifies all
holders), TTL deletion (asset+files gone, dirs pruned, jobs orphaned, holders notified).

backend/alembic/versions/0038_asset_gc_notified.py

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+"""media_assets.gc_notified flag for one-shot pre-expiry warnings
+
+Revision ID: 0038_asset_gc_notified
+Revises: 0037_dl_builtin_profiles
+Create Date: 2026-07-03
+
+The download GC warns each holder once, a grace window before an asset's TTL expiry; this flag
+records that so subsequent GC runs don't re-notify until the asset is deleted.
+"""
+from typing import Sequence, Union
+
+import sqlalchemy as sa
+from alembic import op
+
+revision: str = "0038_asset_gc_notified"
+down_revision: Union[str, None] = "0037_dl_builtin_profiles"
+branch_labels: Union[str, Sequence[str], None] = None
+depends_on: Union[str, Sequence[str], None] = None
+
+
+def upgrade() -> None:
+    op.add_column(
+        "media_assets",
+        sa.Column("gc_notified", sa.Boolean(), server_default="false", nullable=False),
+    )
+
+
+def downgrade() -> None:
+    op.drop_column("media_assets", "gc_notified")

backend/app/config.py

@@ -142,6 +142,9 @@ class Settings(BaseSettings):
     download_worker_concurrency: int = 2
     # How often (empty pending queue) the worker polls for a new job, in seconds.
     download_poll_seconds: int = 5
+    # Total cache size cap across ALL users (bytes). When >0 and exceeded, the GC evicts the
+    # least-recently-accessed ready assets until under it. 0 = unlimited (disk is the limit).
+    download_total_max_bytes: int = 0
     # Default per-user quota (admin-tunable; a per-user download_quotas row overrides).
     download_default_max_bytes: int = 5_368_709_120  # 5 GiB
     download_default_max_concurrent: int = 2

backend/app/downloads/gc.py

@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+"""Download retention garbage collector (a scheduler job).
+
+Three passes each run:
+  1. Pre-expiry warning — for ready assets expiring within the grace window, notify each holder
+     once (gc_notified flag) so a download isn't silently deleted.
+  2. Expiry deletion — delete assets past their TTL (files + row). The FK SET NULL nulls the
+     holders' jobs' asset_id, so those jobs surface as "expired" (re-downloadable) in the UI.
+  3. LRU eviction — if a total cache cap is set and exceeded, delete least-recently-accessed
+     ready assets until back under it.
+
+Runs in the API process (which mounts DOWNLOAD_ROOT). Pure disk/DB work — no YouTube quota.
+"""
+import logging
+from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
+
+from sqlalchemy import func, select
+from sqlalchemy.orm import Session
+
+from app import sysconfig
+from app.config import settings
+from app.downloads import storage
+from app.models import DownloadJob, MediaAsset
+from app.notifications import create_notification
+
+log = logging.getLogger("siftlode.downloads.gc")
+
+
+def _holders(db: Session, asset_id: int) -> list[int]:
+    return list(
+        db.execute(
+            select(DownloadJob.user_id)
+            .where(DownloadJob.asset_id == asset_id)
+            .distinct()
+        ).scalars()
+    )
+
+
+def _notify_holders(db: Session, asset: MediaAsset, ntype: str) -> None:
+    title = asset.title or "download"
+    for uid in _holders(db, asset.id):
+        create_notification(
+            db,
+            user_id=uid,
+            type=ntype,
+            title=title,  # English fallback; the client renders a translated message from data
+            data={"kind": ntype, "title": asset.title, "video_id": asset.source_ref},
+            commit=False,
+        )
+
+
+def _delete_asset(db: Session, asset: MediaAsset, ntype: str) -> None:
+    if asset.rel_path:
+        storage.delete_asset_files(settings.download_root, asset.rel_path)
+    _notify_holders(db, asset, ntype)
+    db.delete(asset)  # jobs.asset_id -> NULL via FK ON DELETE SET NULL
+
+
+def run_download_gc(db: Session) -> dict:
+    now = datetime.now(timezone.utc)
+    grace_days = sysconfig.get_int(db, "download_gc_grace_days")
+    warned = expired = evicted = 0
+
+    # 1. Pre-expiry warnings.
+    warn_before = now + timedelta(days=grace_days)
+    soon = db.execute(
+        select(MediaAsset).where(
+            MediaAsset.status == "ready",
+            MediaAsset.gc_notified.is_(False),
+            MediaAsset.expires_at.is_not(None),
+            MediaAsset.expires_at > now,
+            MediaAsset.expires_at <= warn_before,
+        )
+    ).scalars().all()
+    for asset in soon:
+        _notify_holders(db, asset, "download_expiring")
+        asset.gc_notified = True
+        warned += 1
+    if soon:
+        db.commit()
+
+    # 2. Expiry deletion (ready assets past TTL, and any errored leftovers with a TTL).
+    dead = db.execute(
+        select(MediaAsset).where(
+            MediaAsset.status.in_(("ready", "error")),
+            MediaAsset.expires_at.is_not(None),
+            MediaAsset.expires_at <= now,
+        )
+    ).scalars().all()
+    for asset in dead:
+        _delete_asset(db, asset, "download_expired")
+        expired += 1
+    if dead:
+        db.commit()
+
+    # 3. LRU eviction over the total cache cap.
+    cap = sysconfig.get_int(db, "download_total_max_bytes")
+    if cap > 0:
+        total = db.execute(
+            select(func.coalesce(func.sum(MediaAsset.size_bytes), 0)).where(
+                MediaAsset.status == "ready"
+            )
+        ).scalar() or 0
+        if total > cap:
+            candidates = db.execute(
+                select(MediaAsset)
+                .where(MediaAsset.status == "ready")
+                .order_by(MediaAsset.last_access_at.asc().nulls_first())
+            ).scalars().all()
+            for asset in candidates:
+                if total <= cap:
+                    break
+                total -= asset.size_bytes or 0
+                _delete_asset(db, asset, "download_evicted")
+                evicted += 1
+            db.commit()
+
+    result = {"warned": warned, "expired": expired, "evicted": evicted}
+    log.info("download_gc %s", result)
+    return result

backend/app/downloads/quota.py

@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+"""Per-user download limits + footprint accounting.
+
+A user's *footprint* is the total size of the ready assets their library references (cache hits
+count — it's "how much disk you're responsible for", not "how much you personally downloaded").
+Limits come from a per-user DownloadQuota row if the admin set one, else the sysconfig defaults.
+`unlimited` (e.g. the admin's own account) bypasses the byte cap.
+
+Enforcement split: max_jobs + max_bytes are checked at enqueue (they bound holdings); per-user
+max_concurrent is enforced by the worker at claim time (it bounds simultaneous downloads).
+"""
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+
+from sqlalchemy import func, select
+from sqlalchemy.orm import Session
+
+from app import sysconfig
+from app.models import DownloadJob, DownloadQuota, MediaAsset
+
+# Jobs a user is considered to be "holding" (occupy a job slot / footprint). Terminal failures
+# (error, canceled) don't count.
+_HOLDING = ("queued", "running", "paused", "done")
+_RUNNING = ("queued", "running")
+
+
+@dataclass
+class QuotaLimits:
+    max_bytes: int
+    max_concurrent: int
+    max_jobs: int
+    unlimited: bool
+
+
+class QuotaExceeded(Exception):
+    """Raised by check_enqueue; `reason` is one of max_jobs|max_bytes (i18n key on the client)."""
+
+    def __init__(self, reason: str, limit: int, current: int):
+        self.reason = reason
+        self.limit = limit
+        self.current = current
+        super().__init__(f"download quota exceeded: {reason} ({current}/{limit})")
+
+
+def resolve(db: Session, user_id: int) -> QuotaLimits:
+    row = db.get(DownloadQuota, user_id)
+    if row is not None:
+        return QuotaLimits(row.max_bytes, row.max_concurrent, row.max_jobs, row.unlimited)
+    return QuotaLimits(
+        max_bytes=sysconfig.get_int(db, "download_default_max_bytes"),
+        max_concurrent=sysconfig.get_int(db, "download_default_max_concurrent"),
+        max_jobs=sysconfig.get_int(db, "download_default_max_jobs"),
+        unlimited=False,
+    )
+
+
+def footprint(db: Session, user_id: int) -> int:
+    """Total bytes of the distinct ready assets this user's active jobs reference."""
+    held_assets = (
+        select(DownloadJob.asset_id)
+        .where(
+            DownloadJob.user_id == user_id,
+            DownloadJob.status.in_(_HOLDING),
+            DownloadJob.asset_id.is_not(None),
+        )
+        .distinct()
+    )
+    return (
+        db.execute(
+            select(func.coalesce(func.sum(MediaAsset.size_bytes), 0)).where(
+                MediaAsset.id.in_(held_assets), MediaAsset.status == "ready"
+            )
+        ).scalar()
+        or 0
+    )
+
+
+def _count(db: Session, user_id: int, states) -> int:
+    return (
+        db.execute(
+            select(func.count())
+            .select_from(DownloadJob)
+            .where(DownloadJob.user_id == user_id, DownloadJob.status.in_(states))
+        ).scalar()
+        or 0
+    )
+
+
+def active_jobs(db: Session, user_id: int) -> int:
+    return _count(db, user_id, _HOLDING)
+
+
+def running_jobs(db: Session, user_id: int) -> int:
+    return _count(db, user_id, _RUNNING)
+
+
+def at_concurrency_limit(db: Session, user_id: int) -> bool:
+    """Worker-side gate: is this user already downloading their max? Unlimited users never are."""
+    lim = resolve(db, user_id)
+    if lim.unlimited:
+        return False
+    running = _count(db, user_id, ("running",))
+    return running >= lim.max_concurrent
+
+
+def check_enqueue(db: Session, user_id: int) -> None:
+    """Raise QuotaExceeded if the user can't take another job (holdings caps). Concurrency is
+    enforced later by the worker, so a big queue is allowed; it just drains max_concurrent-wide."""
+    lim = resolve(db, user_id)
+    if lim.unlimited:
+        return
+    n = active_jobs(db, user_id)
+    if n >= lim.max_jobs:
+        raise QuotaExceeded("max_jobs", lim.max_jobs, n)
+    used = footprint(db, user_id)
+    if used >= lim.max_bytes:
+        raise QuotaExceeded("max_bytes", lim.max_bytes, used)
+
+
+def usage(db: Session, user_id: int) -> dict:
+    """Compact usage snapshot for the UI (footprint + counts vs limits)."""
+    lim = resolve(db, user_id)
+    return {
+        "footprint_bytes": footprint(db, user_id),
+        "active_jobs": active_jobs(db, user_id),
+        "running_jobs": running_jobs(db, user_id),
+        "max_bytes": lim.max_bytes,
+        "max_concurrent": lim.max_concurrent,
+        "max_jobs": lim.max_jobs,
+        "unlimited": lim.unlimited,
+    }

backend/app/downloads/service.py

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ from sqlalchemy import func, select
 from sqlalchemy.exc import IntegrityError
 from sqlalchemy.orm import Session
 
-from app.downloads import formats
+from app.downloads import formats, quota
 from app.models import DownloadJob, MediaAsset
 
 
@@ -67,7 +67,10 @@ def enqueue(
     profile_id: int | None = None,
     display_name: str | None = None,
 ) -> DownloadJob:
-    """Queue a download for `user_id`. Returns the DownloadJob (already `done` on a cache hit)."""
+    """Queue a download for `user_id`. Returns the DownloadJob (already `done` on a cache hit).
+
+    Raises quota.QuotaExceeded if the user is at their job-count or footprint cap."""
+    quota.check_enqueue(db, user_id)
     spec = formats.normalize(spec)
     sig = formats.format_sig(spec)
     asset = get_or_create_asset(db, source_kind, source_ref, sig)

backend/app/models.py

@@ -731,6 +731,10 @@ class MediaAsset(Base, TimestampMixin):
     nfo_written: Mapped[bool] = mapped_column(
         Boolean, default=False, server_default="false"
     )
+    # Set once the GC has warned holders of the upcoming expiry, so it doesn't warn every run.
+    gc_notified: Mapped[bool] = mapped_column(
+        Boolean, default=False, server_default="false"
+    )
     # Denormalized naming/metadata for the Plex tree + ad-hoc display.
     title: Mapped[str | None] = mapped_column(Text)
     uploader: Mapped[str | None] = mapped_column(String(255))

backend/app/scheduler.py

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ from sqlalchemy import select
 from app import progress, quota
 from app.config import settings
 from app.db import SessionLocal
+from app.downloads.gc import run_download_gc
 from app.models import SchedulerSetting
 from app.notifications import create_notification
 from app.state import is_sync_paused
@@ -59,6 +60,7 @@ JOB_INTERVALS: dict[str, int] = {
     "maintenance": settings.maintenance_interval_minutes,
     "demo_reset": settings.demo_reset_minutes,
     "explore_cleanup": settings.explore_cleanup_minutes,
+    "download_gc": settings.download_gc_minutes,
 }
 
 # Sane bounds for an admin-set interval (minutes).
@@ -276,6 +278,12 @@ def _explore_cleanup_job() -> None:
     _job("explore_cleanup", purge_ephemeral)
 
 
+def _download_gc_job() -> None:
+    # Retention GC for the download center: pre-expiry warnings, TTL deletion, LRU eviction.
+    # Pure disk/DB work (no YouTube quota).
+    _job("download_gc", run_download_gc)
+
+
 # job_id -> wrapper. The single source of truth for which jobs exist and how to run one,
 # shared by start_scheduler (recurring registration) and trigger_job (manual "run now").
 JOB_FUNCS: dict[str, Callable[[], None]] = {
@@ -289,6 +297,7 @@ JOB_FUNCS: dict[str, Callable[[], None]] = {
     "maintenance": _maintenance_job,
     "demo_reset": _demo_reset_job,
     "explore_cleanup": _explore_cleanup_job,
+    "download_gc": _download_gc_job,
 }
 
 

backend/app/sysconfig.py

@@ -67,6 +67,7 @@ SPECS: tuple[ConfigSpec, ...] = (
     # --- Access / registration ---
     ConfigSpec("allow_registration", "bool", "access", "allow_registration"),
     # --- Download center (yt-dlp) — per-user defaults + retention/GC + layout ---
+    ConfigSpec("download_total_max_bytes", "int", "downloads", "download_total_max_bytes", min=0),
     ConfigSpec("download_default_max_bytes", "int", "downloads", "download_default_max_bytes", min=0),
     ConfigSpec("download_default_max_concurrent", "int", "downloads", "download_default_max_concurrent", min=1, max=20),
     ConfigSpec("download_default_max_jobs", "int", "downloads", "download_default_max_jobs", min=1, max=100_000),

backend/app/worker.py

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ from sqlalchemy import text
 
 from app.config import settings
 from app.db import SessionLocal
-from app.downloads import formats, service, storage
+from app.downloads import formats, quota, service, storage
 from app.models import DownloadJob, MediaAsset
 
 log = logging.getLogger("siftlode.worker")
@@ -83,24 +83,37 @@ def _recover_orphans() -> None:
 
 
 def _claim_job() -> int | None:
+    """Claim the oldest queued job whose user is under their per-user concurrency limit.
+
+    Fetches a window of locked candidates (FOR UPDATE SKIP LOCKED) and picks the first eligible
+    one, so one user flooding the queue can't starve others beyond their max_concurrent."""
     with SessionLocal() as db:
-        row = db.execute(
+        rows = db.execute(
             text(
                 """
-                UPDATE download_jobs SET status='running', phase='starting', updated_at=now()
+                SELECT id, user_id FROM download_jobs
-                WHERE id = (
-                    SELECT id FROM download_jobs
                 WHERE status='queued'
                 ORDER BY queue_pos, id
                 FOR UPDATE SKIP LOCKED
-                    LIMIT 1
+                LIMIT 50
-                )
-                RETURNING id
                 """
             )
-        ).fetchone()
+        ).fetchall()
+        chosen = next(
+            (jid for jid, uid in rows if not quota.at_concurrency_limit(db, uid)), None
+        )
+        if chosen is None:
+            db.commit()  # release the row locks; nothing eligible right now
+            return None
+        db.execute(
+            text(
+                "UPDATE download_jobs SET status='running', phase='starting', updated_at=now() "
+                "WHERE id = :id"
+            ),
+            {"id": chosen},
+        )
         db.commit()
-        return row[0] if row else None
+        return chosen
 
 
 def _claim_asset(asset_id: int) -> bool: